The Assembly Speaker, Senate President pro tempore, and minority floor leaders receive salaries of $137,655. The first Californian State House was originally a hotel in San Jose owned by businessman Pierre "Don Pedro" Sainsevain and his associates.[8]. Xavier Zermeno worked through 174174174 pages of a 408408408-page computer training manual. The legislators serving in this session took office following the 2020 elections. They also may set indirectly by restricting the number of days for which a legislator receives compensation, per diem or mileage reimbursement. Eighteen years of Democratic trifectasNo Republican trifectas LegiScan legislative dashboard for California, tracking details on the most recent legislation, popular bills, sponsors and committees. In summary. Remember, we're here to represent you. Due to the expense and the obvious political downside, California did not keep verbatim records of actual speeches made by members of the Assembly and Senate until the video feed began. Not likely to happen". Previously, session length was 40 legislative days in odd-numbered years, and 35 legislative days in even-numbered years. Sign up on your legislators websites and social media platforms to receive regular updates, invites to local events, and propaganda to understand what theyre saying. fontFamily: "Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif", Members of the state Senate bow in prayer on the first day of the 2020 session. Here are four themes to watch in the new legislative session: Cash rules. Others have no internal deadlines and the process is a free-for-all. This is the margin needed to raise taxes, certify constitutional amendments for the ballot, and override gubernatorial vetoes. The Capitol Museum has helpful information. State legislators are influenced by money and lobbying. \text{and wages}.&\$36,000&\text{Payment of income tax}&8,000\\ Bills go through three readings to pass through a chamber. Their low point was in 1994, when they were brought down to 21 seats. The bill numbering starts again for each of these. height: 300, External Relations: Moira Delaney Hannah Nelson Caroline Presnell We make calls. In every state but Delaware, voter approval is required to enact a constitutional amendment. If the bill passes by simple majority (218 of 435), the bill moves to the Senate. The table below shows the partisan history of the California Assembly following every general election from 1992 to 2020. If no bills are displayed below, no legislation met these criteria in 2022. They often determine committee assignments for legislators, and decide to which committee proposed bill should be assigned for consideration. Democrats briefly lost their two-thirds majority in 2014 when they won 52 seats. \hline In 2010, Democrats won a 52-38 majority despite national Republican gains. stateFilter: "CA", Majority floor leaders and second ranking minority leaders receive salaries of $128,680. You can contact your Senator by visiting our online Senate Roster. sortDir: "desc", New legislators convene each new two-year session, to organize, in the Assembly and Senate chambers, respectively, at noon on the first Monday in December following the election. Identify the members of the Assembly Rules Committee, Four members elected by each party's caucus in the state assembly and a chair appointed by the speaker, In 2015-16, there were nine standing or permanent committees in the CA state Assembly and five in the CA state Senate, Each member of the legislature has only four staff members, and the personnel budget for legislative workers cannot by law exceed 10 million a year, Identify which of the following reduced CA budgetary gridlock after 2010, the increase in tax revenue brought about by the passage of Proposition 30 House SpeakerAnthony Rendon (D) The party also controlled the governorship, creating a Democratic state government trifecta. Present a brief oral presentation As of 2022, these salaries are the highest paid to any state legislators. If released by the committee, the bill is put on a calendar to be voted on, debated or amended. From 1992 to 2020, the California State Senate was controlled by the Democratic Party. They won it back in 2016 by gaining a 55-25 edge over Republicans. In 2002, an amendment to the Louisiana Constitution changed the timing of its general and fiscal sessions and adjusted the length of the fiscal session; the changes went into effect January 2004. Members of the Senate are elected from 40 districts and serve four-year terms. State legislatures are seen as a pipeline for higher office. Because state legislators don't receive much media attention compared to national politicians, they also aren't the benefactors of grassroots fundraising attention. The bill is then assigned to a committee for study. The House of the California Legislature, consisting of 80 Members, elected for two-year terms, from districts apportioned on the basis of population. The numbering starts afresh each session. A legislator, who acts as the author, sends the idea and language for the bill to the Legislative Counsel where it is drafted into the actual bill. ), 22 former Vice Presidents, 44 current sitting Senators, and 220 current Congressional representatives served in state legislatures before moving to national office. Each approved bill is stamped with the Great Seal of the State of California. (The exception to this rule is Nebraska, which only has a single legislative chamber.) An Assembly Bill (AB) is one introduced in the Assembly; a Senate Bill (SB), in the Senate. Legislative session length may be unrestricted, or it may be limited. If a bill presented to the Governor contains one or several items of appropriation, he or she may eliminate or reduce any or all of them while approving the other portions of the bill (known as the line-item veto). Bills must pass both chambers of a legislature and be signed by the Governor in order to become law. Here are some basic questions to ask yourself when learning about your states legislative process. For more information about state government trifectas, click here. At the beginning of the 2022 legislative session, there were 63 standing committees in California's state government, including 8 joint legislative committees, 22 state Senate committees, and 33 state House committees. Ballotpedia features 395,432 encyclopedic articles written and curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, and researchers. In the remaining 39, the limits are set by constitution, statute, chamber rule or indirect method. Each state legislature meets for different lengths of time, The legislative process is different for each state, Each state has different numbers of representatives, Each state varies in the amount of resources and staff that legislators have. In 2012, they won 56 seats, which was two more than needed for a two-thirds majority. Most bills, whether signed by the Governor or passed as a result of an override, go into effect on January 1 of the next year. Burch Corporation began a merchandising business on January 1, 2010. And weve built lasting collective power across the country, in our home towns. Set up a Google News Alert for example for Rep. Which of the following statements about the legislative process in CA are accurate? Republicans controlled the state Senate with majorities from 1896 to 1956. You can find information on all the memorials featured in the Capitol Park by visiting the California Parks website. We show up. Compared to the $76 billion surplus from 2021, California is projecting a $31 billion surplus in the general fund, plus $20 billion in Proposition 98 funding for education. Term limits were initially established in 1990 following the passage of Proposition 140. 100% remote. The heavy Democratic tilt in those years was not unusual considering the chamber's history of Democratic majorities almost every year between 1958 and 2020. California Party Control: 1992-2023 California State Senate election results: 1992-2020*. Because of the relatively large size of the state legislature, CA districts are amoung the smallest in the country. [29] The measure failed to acquire enough signatures to qualify as a proposition for the 2016 November elections ballot. However, Republicans did not maintain control of the chamber after the 1994 elections. Click here for the online version of the California Constitution. Urgency measures take effect immediately upon being signed by the Governor and chaptered by the Secretary of State. When the 2021 session convenes, the California Legislature still will lack the diversity of the state. Each state has its own idiosyncrasies so learn yours. [1] Both houses of the Legislature convene at the California State Capitol in Sacramento. If a bill is reported without amendments, it is read the second time, and then sent to the Engrossing and Enrolling office, where the printed bill is compared with the original bill and, after comparison (called engrossing), the bill is returned to the Assembly or Senate third reading file. \text{Payment of dividends} .&7,000&\text{Acquisition of land with cash}..&32,000\\ Governor, Attorney General, Treasurer, Secretary of State, and Controller. Members of the Assembly are elected from 80 districts and serve two-year terms. "How Many Lawmakers Does a Legislature Need? title: "California legislation that became law in 2022", In 2022, the California State Legislature was scheduled to convene on January 3, 2022 and adjourn on August 31, 2022. Fairs, Allocation, and Classification Committee, Banking and Financial Institutions Committee, Business, Professions and Economic Development Committee, Elections and Constitutional Amendments Committee, Energy, Utilities and Communications Committee, Labor, Public Employment and Retirement Committee, Senate Governmental Organization Committee, Senate Military and Veterans Affairs Committee, Accountability and Administrative Review Committee, Arts, Entertainment, Sports, Tourism, and Internet Media Committee, Environmental Safety and Toxic Materials Committee, Housing and Community Development Committee, Jobs, Economic Development, and the Economy Committee, Privacy and Consumer Protection Committee, Public Employment and Retirement Committee, Two-thirds of the membership of each chamber of the. If the second house passes the bill without changing it, it is sent to the governor's desk. Before 1994, the only election where Republicans won a majority was 1968, the same year that Republican Richard Nixon became the first native Californian to be elected president. The representatives of these "neighborhood districts" within each district would then elect 40 Senate members and 80 Assembly members by majority vote. Since the late 1980s, several session lengths were shortened. Both Assembly Members and Senators are limited to introducing 40 bills per two-year session. . tBackground: "#CCCCCC", Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. The Senate has a membership of 40 Senators elected for 4-year terms, 20 to begin every 2 years. State legislators often are not used to hearing from constituents. The only times when their control was threatened was when the chamber split evenly in 1968 and 1972, both years where native Californian Richard Nixon (R) was elected president. \textbf{December 31}&\textbf{Cost}\quad\textbf{Cost}\quad\textbf{or Market}\\ California Party Control: 1992-2023 Democrats were finally able to split the chamber 20-20 in the 1956 elections, and they won a majority in 1958. The state legislature is allowed to propose revisions (not just amendments) to the constitution. All legislation begins as an idea. A number of different products are available, including apples, strawberries, and raspberries as either prepackaged or pick your own; assorted fresh vegetables; ciders, jams, and jellies; and organic fresh eggs and free-range chicken whole fryers. &\textbf{LIFO}\quad\textbf{FIFO}\quad\textbf{Lower of Cost}\\ The most powerful person in the state Assembly is: The governors independent authority includes. You may assume that in any one year, prices moved only up or down but not both. Find out where your legislators stand on the issues of the day in your community. The committee process is extremely important. A single legislative chamber could have as few as 20 members, as many as 400, or anywhere in between. about your topic. Click here to contact our editorial staff, and click here to report an error. California State Senate election results: 1992-2020*. Bills are designated by number, in the order of introduction in each house. The Senate produces a chart of allCalifornia State Senators and Officers who have served from 1849 to the current session. . The rest of the states meet part-time with some states like Montana, Nevada, Texas, North Dakota only meeting in odd-numbered years. For example, the third bill introduced in the Assembly for the second extraordinary session is ABX2 3. and how you think it will develop in the As a result, people dont usually engage in the state legislative process, and legislators are more often responsive to lobbyists in the capitol than their own constituents. In 2016, Democrats captured 27 seats for the first time since 1976, and they increased their majority to 29-11 in 2018 and 30-9 following the 2020 election (with one vacancy). Republicans next won a 40-39 numerical majority in 1994, an election where Republicans also took control of the U.S. House after decades of Democratic control. You can find a list of Form 801 filings by year, U.S. House of Representatives from California, Reporting Inappropriate Workplace Conduct. Please visit our online Senate Events to see the schedule. Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff. The legislators serving in this session took office following the 2020 elections. The Senate produces a chart of all California State Senators and Officers who have served from 1849 to the current session. Data after 2006 was compiled by Ballotpedia staff. Bills which require money or which take effect immediately require 27 votes in the Senate and 54 votes in the Assembly. They are separate organizations. The legislative process is different . Except for a brief period from 1995 to 1996, the Assembly has been in Democratic hands since the 1970 election. WiFi, wearable computers, or expert State legislators are influenced by money and lobbying. In 2010, Democrats won a 52-38 majority despite national Republican gains. 2023 Legislative Calendar and Deadlines [pdf] 2023 Legislative Calendar and Deadlines [ics] Outlook 2010 Import Instructions; Please note that not all mobile devices support the standard calendar file type employed on this site (.ics). Regarding reapportionment, proposition 11 (2008) places responsibility with: Which of the following allows governor to reduce the budget of a particular program without rejecting the entire budget? The Senate usually meets on Mondays and Thursdays. Gavin Newsom will call a special session of the state Legislature to pass a new tax on oil companies. Republicans controlled the state Senate with majorities from 1896 to 1956. An email will be sent to the Streaming Support distribution list and Adjourn the hearing. . House SpeakerAnthony Rendon (D) Local Indivisible groups build and wield power in ways that individuals cant. This is subject to change. December31201020112012BalanceSheetInventoryAmountsLIFOFIFOLowerofCostCostCostorMarket$40,200$40,000$37,00036,40036,00034,00041,80044,00044,000. State legislators care about re-election. See whether lawmakers in the state Senate and Assembly reflect your demographics with this interactive tool. The following tables show the partisan breakdown of the California State Legislature in the 2022 legislative session. Between then and 2020, they increased their majority into the 40s and 50s, reaching 60 seats in 2018 and maintaining them following the 2020 election. For in-depth look at California's legislative process, see also: This page was last edited on 1 March 2023, at 01:38. Research: Josh Altic Vojsava Ramaj If your state has term limits for state offices, your legislators may be more likely to seek higher office and be even more receptive to constituent pressure as a way of protecting their future electoral prospects. In the event that a bill has been reported out of committee with amendments, and these committee amendments, or amendments offered from the Floor, have been adopted on second reading, it is reprinted, showing such amendments by the use of. Legislators often consider the number of bills they get signed into law as a measure of their success. Several states increased their session length. Look for other things that may make your state particularly unique. The governor may not appoint a replacement if the vacancy happens before a new legislative session is scheduled to convene. In some states, if the Governor does not proactively veto a bill, it still becomes law without their signature. such as cell phones, telecommuting, After 1958, they had almost unbroken control of the chamber through 2020. tForeground: "#444444", tForeground: "#444444", Yes, the public can watch a live Floor Session from the Senate gallery. The items then may be separately reconsidered and the vetoes sustained or overridden in the same manner as bills which have been vetoed in their entirety by the Governor. backImage: "flat", The proceedings of the California State Legislature are briefly summarized in regularly published journals, which show votes and who proposed or withdrew what. [1] Both houses of the Legislature convene at the California State Capitol in Sacramento. The name of the author, the legislator who introduced the bill, becomes part of the title of the bill. From 1992 to 2020, the California Assembly stayed reliably blue, with Democrats ceding the majority just once as a consequence of the 1994 election. In California, as of 2019 this was governed by Senate Rule 28 which requires 21 members and Assembly Rule 96(a) which requires 41 members;[16] the procedure was notably used in 1998. A newly introduced bill in Florida would ban using alternative pronouns for genders not assigned at birth in K-12 schools and expand the block on teaching sexual orientation topics to eighth grade. Political scientists talk about two poles of representation style: the (blank) who tries to find out what constituents want and then act according to their wishes, and the (blank) who believes that he or she has been chosen to act based on his or her own best judgement. The Appropriations "Suspense File", which was created in the mid-1980s,[14] is a popular way to avoid a vote. Many national politicians start their careers in state legislatures. Review their voting history and their biggest campaign contributors. Research the technology so Operations: Meghann Olshefski Mandy Morris Kelly Rindfleisch If measures conflict, and they both get more than 50 percent of the vote, the one with the highest number of votes prevails. In 18 states, initiated constitutional amendments can be put on the ballot through a signature petition drive. \text{Collection of accounts}&&\text{Payment of accounts}\\ If there is a vacancy in the California State Legislature, the governor must call for a special election. }); Redistricting is the process of enacting new congressional and state legislative district boundaries. Ratified amendments take effect the day after the election. If one party has a majority in a state legislature that is large enough to override a gubernatorial veto without any votes from members of the minority party, it is called a veto-proof majority or, sometimes, a supermajority. Additionally, the same charts are available for the California Assembly Members and . Which of the following offices is responsible for supervising elections? Though committee structures vary by state, as a general principle bills must pass through specialized committees of jurisdiction before they go to the floor of a chamber, similar to Congress. The lower house is often called the House or Assembly, and the upper house is called the state Senate. . Please visit the Teleconference How-To page for detailed tips, instructions and video tutorial. However, in some states, bills that increase or decrease revenue must start in the lower house and then move to the upper house. If a bill is amended in the second house, it must go back to the house of origin for concurrence, which is agreement on the amendments. This opens up the floodgates for lobbyists and PACs to fund campaigns, even among Democrats. California was also one of six state legislatures where Democrats had a veto-proof supermajority in both chambers. What Do State Legislatures Have in Common? To read more about veto-proof supermajorities in state legislatures, click here. Since 1993, the Legislature has hosted a web or FTP site in one form or another. They also have power over things that constituents never see but that could play a role in policymaking, like individual office budgets, committee staff resources, staff salaries, and who gets which actual physical office spaces. The Utah Legislature has three days to pass its final priorities before the end of the 2023 legislative session. Before you attend or plan an event, reach out and explain why your group is protesting, and provide them with background materials and a quote. The table below shows the partisan history of the California Senate following every general election from 1992 to 2020. Even though each state legislature is unique, many of them share a few basic characteristics: Most legislatures are bicameral. Therefore, they need your vote in order to remain in (or win) office. State legislators care about passing bills. For the current membership, visit our online Senate Roster. The State Constitution designates the Lieutenant Governor as President of the Senate, but he/she has only a casting vote. The number of bills enacted by the California state legislature has increased significatly during the last 25 years false Proposition 11 took redistricting of the state legislature away from the legislature and put it in the hands of the newly created citizens redistricting commission Proposition 20 Indivisible.org is a joint website of Indivisible Project and Indivisible Action. height: 300, Session length limitations are set in a variety of ways. Aside from the recess, the legislature is in session year-round.[6]. \text{Decrease in current assets}&&\text{Cash sales}..&45,000\\ Identify the ways Senate Bill 1253 changed the state's initiative process. The table below depicts the historical trifecta status of California. About the legislative process in CA are accurate Senate are elected from districts! District would then elect 40 Senate members and 80 Assembly members and Senators are limited to introducing bills. And be signed by the Secretary of state the Lieutenant Governor as President of state! January 1, 2010 ask yourself when learning about your states legislative process, see also: page. To raise taxes, certify constitutional amendments for the California state Senate election results 1992-2020. State Capitol in Sacramento ratified amendments take effect immediately require 27 votes in Senate... Local Indivisible groups build and wield power in ways that individuals cant to any state legislators and ranking... Your demographics with this interactive tool also: this page was last edited on 1 March 2023 at... Priorities before the end of the California Legislature still will lack the diversity of the title of the day your! Each district would then elect 40 Senate members and Senators are limited to introducing 40 per... The Governor 's desk become law: 300, session length was 40 legislative days in years... Used to hearing from constituents bill is stamped with the Great Seal of the California still! History of the following offices is responsible for supervising elections 395,432 encyclopedic written..., the California state Capitol in Sacramento offices is responsible for supervising?. Legislative days in even-numbered years the Governor and chaptered by the Democratic.... At the California state Legislature is allowed to propose revisions ( not just amendments ) to the membership. The constitution met these criteria in 2022 in a variety of ways bill moves to the are! The issues of the following tables show the partisan history of the bill is stamped with Great! An error to contact our editorial staff, and 35 the california legislature is in session quizlet days in even-numbered years if... ( 218 of 435 ), the bill is stamped with the Great Seal of the legislative... Represent you: 1992-2020 * for lobbyists and PACs to fund campaigns, among... History of the California Legislature still will lack the diversity of the legislative! 80 districts and serve two-year terms acquire enough signatures to qualify as a pipeline for higher office of they... Numbering starts again for each of these may make your state particularly unique Hannah Nelson Caroline Presnell we make.! No internal deadlines and the process is a free-for-all n't the benefactors of grassroots fundraising.. Their low point was in 1994, when they were brought down to 21.! A new legislative session: Cash rules then assigned to a committee for study ] the measure failed acquire. Seats, which only has a single legislative chamber could have as few as members... [ 29 ] the measure failed to acquire enough signatures to qualify as a measure of their success state unique... Session of the California state Senate with majorities from 1896 to 1956 staff and! Pass both chambers are four themes to watch in the the california legislature is in session quizlet legislative session Newsom will a... Majorities from 1896 to 1956 no legislation met these criteria in 2022 is a free-for-all to convene 2016 November ballot! Signatures to qualify as a measure of their success produces a chart of allCalifornia Senators. Designated by number, in our home towns about state government trifectas, click here to an... The online version of the following statements about the legislative process supermajorities in state legislatures one or... ), in the Assembly ; a Senate bill ( SB ), the California Senate every! For example for Rep in a variety of ways [ 29 ] the failed. And serve four-year terms require 27 votes in the Assembly has been in Democratic hands since the 1970 election SB! Idiosyncrasies so learn yours does not proactively veto a bill, becomes part of the Senate and 54 in! 2020, the limits are set in a variety of ways biggest campaign contributors two-year. Control: 1992-2023 California state Capitol in Sacramento, or anywhere in between after 1994... The limits are set in a variety of ways and 35 legislative days in even-numbered.! Prices moved only up or down but not both in Sacramento before the end of state! The Teleconference How-To page for detailed tips, instructions and video tutorial constitutional amendments can be put on calendar! With some states, if the Governor 's desk Reporting Inappropriate Workplace.... No legislation met these criteria in 2022 show the partisan history of the state and... Needed for a brief period from 1995 to 1996, the Legislature convene at the constitution. Is a free-for-all national politicians, they also may set indirectly by restricting the number of days which! Their biggest campaign contributors Governor 's desk curated by our professional staff of editors, writers, 35... And click here to report an error ways that individuals cant results: 1992-2020 * 1980s! As a pipeline for higher office make your state particularly unique in even-numbered years their careers in legislatures! Than needed for a brief period the california legislature is in session quizlet 1995 to 1996, the California Parks website page was last on! Like Montana, Nevada, Texas, North Dakota only meeting in odd-numbered years you assume! Urgency measures take effect immediately require 27 votes in the 2022 legislative session 408408408-page computer training manual where Democrats a! State legislative district boundaries the chamber after the election 40 legislative days odd-numbered. Workplace Conduct low point was in 1994, when they won 56 seats, was! '', majority floor leaders and second ranking minority leaders receive salaries of $ 128,680 the bill from recess. Legislators serving in this session took office following the 2020 elections ask yourself learning. Much media attention compared to national politicians start their the california legislature is in session quizlet in state legislatures, click.. Pass its final priorities before the end of the California state Capitol in Sacramento email be... Google News Alert for example for Rep, voter approval is required to enact a amendment! Most legislatures are bicameral, or anywhere in between Party Control: 1992-2023 California state Senate controlled... Are set in a variety of ways the Governor may not appoint a replacement if the second house the. Status of California the rest of the 2023 legislative session length may be.. Collective power across the country, in our home towns replacement if the second house the! Breakdown of the state Legislature is unique, many of them share a few basic characteristics Most. Pass a new tax on oil companies chart of allCalifornia state Senators and who. A constitutional amendment though each state Legislature to pass a new tax on oil companies is responsible for supervising?. After the election Governor does not proactively veto a bill, becomes part of the state Legislature pass... Are the highest paid to any state legislators are influenced by money and lobbying require money or which effect. About veto-proof supermajorities in state legislatures are seen as a pipeline for higher office often determine committee for. Gubernatorial vetoes in your community 1 ] both houses of the Legislature has hosted a web or FTP site one! Are influenced by money and lobbying [ 1 ] both houses of the Senate but... Receive much media attention compared to national politicians start their careers in state legislatures where Democrats had veto-proof. By year, prices moved only up or down but not both bill be! Passage of Proposition 140 amendments can be put on the ballot, and the upper house is often called state. The online version of the Legislature convene at the California state Senate and 54 votes in Assembly... One introduced in the remaining 39, the same charts are available for the online of... The 2023 legislative session: Cash rules compared to national politicians, they won it back in 2016 gaining. Senators elected for 4-year terms, 20 to begin every 2 years relatively... Built lasting collective power across the country of representatives from California, Reporting Inappropriate Workplace Conduct,. Within each district would then elect 40 Senate members and 80 Assembly members majority. Start their careers in state legislatures are seen as a Proposition for the ballot a... Adjourn the hearing California Senate following every general election from 1992 to.! The Teleconference How-To page for detailed tips, instructions and video tutorial chaptered by the Governor and by... Workplace Conduct so learn yours ( the exception to this rule is Nebraska which! Has its own idiosyncrasies so learn yours have no internal deadlines and the process is free-for-all. Or another immediately upon being signed by the Democratic Party veto-proof supermajorities in state legislatures where Democrats had a supermajority! Happens before a new tax on oil companies 1993, the California Senate following every general election 1992... Recess, the Assembly Speaker, Senate President pro tempore, and minority floor leaders second! Should be assigned for consideration is the margin needed to raise taxes, certify amendments... Legislature convene at the California Assembly members and this opens up the floodgates for lobbyists and PACs to campaigns! Majority floor leaders receive salaries of $ 137,655 national politicians start their in! Aside from the recess, the legislator who introduced the bill from 1992 to.! They get signed into law as a Proposition for the ballot, 35... Results: 1992-2020 * required to enact a constitutional amendment lasting collective power across the country for! Then elect 40 Senate members and representatives from California, Reporting Inappropriate Workplace.! Office following the passage of Proposition 140 in every state but Delaware voter. Deadlines and the upper house is often called the house or Assembly, click! Of all California state Senators and Officers who have served from 1849 to the current,!