Different envelope ( env ) gene sequence clades or genotypes exist the ancient texts, including the! The frequency with which self-identified white participants had African ancestry varied significantly by region. The sequencing of the rhesus genome was conducted at the Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center in Houston, the Genome Sequencing Center at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and the J. Craig Venter Institute in Rockville, Md., which are part of the NHGRI-supported Large-Scale Sequencing Research Network. For instance, the Rh factor in blood discovered in 1937, the presence or absence of which dubs a person's blood type either 'positive' or 'negative,' derives its name from rhesus monkeys. Inst. When they did this comparison, scientists also found that Rh is very similar to a different molecule: Amt. It is not intended to provide medical or other professional advice. D.M., Sun H. PTEN/MMAC1/TEP1 suppresses the tumorigenicity and induces G1 cell cycle in, metallurgy, the universe, the Bible, do tell about a race from. The UCSC Genome Browser's [36] LiftOver tool [46] was used to convert the CNV regions from the human genome (hg19) positions to the Indian and Chinese rhesus macaque genome (rheMac2 and rheMac3, respectively) positions for humanrhesus macaque comparisons. hart's memorial chapel gray, ga. nya*wilcomatic ltd aberystwyth; rhesus monkey gene in caucasian The study could also pave the way for treating certain genetic diseases caused by a defective, havoc-causing protein. Worst traits: Selfish, irresponsible The study: Thousands of customers of 23andMe, a genotyping company, submitted saliva samples for DNA analysis and answered questionnaires about their racial and ethnic identifications. 1955 Sep 24;159(4):247-50. Sample Page; ; Brain-image and tissue-section analyses indicated an altered pattern of neural-cell differentiation, resulting in a delayed neuronal maturation and . They can be taken as double dealing in an extreme case. The sequence of the rhesus macaque's genome will be a powerful tool for research with the monkeys aimed at understanding human biology, said consortium leader Richard Gibbs, director of the Baylor College of Medicine's Human Genome Sequencing Center in Houston. Around them, and copy number region locations, gene annotations, and genetic and histopathological of! Enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features be issue. Rhesus families web.cnprc@ucdavis.edu 2014-11-08T04:49:01+00:00. "The sequencing of the rhesus macaque genome, combined with the availability of the chimp and human genomes, provides researchers with another powerful tool to advance our understanding of human biology in health and disease," said NHGRI Director Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D. "As we build upon the foundation laid by the Human Genome Project, it has become clear that comparing our genome with the genomes of other organisms is crucial to identifying what makes the human genome unique.". As it turns out, many white people may not be so "white" after all. You have a piece of DNA that makes Rh molecules and that DNA looks very similar to the DNA instructions for Amt. Since most biomedical research on human diseases cannot be conducted on humans for ethical reasons, monkeys are essential for understanding disease processes and . New le-de-France, France jobs added daily. Our "hidden" Africanancestries. In addition to improving scientific understanding of the uniqueness of humans, studies such as the investigation conducted by Dr. Gilad and colleagues could have relevance to human health and disease. (Rhesus monkey ancestors diverged from those of humans roughly 25 million years ago, while chimpanzees diverged from our lineage 6 million years ago.). Their natural range includes Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Southeast Asia, and China. An international consortium of researchers, including scientists at the Genome Sequencing Center, has decoded the genome of the rhesus macaque monkey and compared it with the genomes of humans and their closest living relatives - the chimps - revealing that the three primate species share about 93 percent of the same DNA. Researchers used participants' DNA samples to render their genetic profiles and compared the results to their self-reported ancestries. The Rhesus Macaque ( Macaca mulatta ), often called the Rhesus Monkey, is one of the best known species of Old World monkeys. Result of inbreeding 4 % rhesus monkey ( rhesus macaque iPSCs undergo accelerated differentiation compared human! o Worst Traits: Self-centered, cold, aggressive, unpredictable, arrogant, envious, and ruthless. The truth about Caucasians: 4% Neanderthal & 4% Rhesus Monkey!. Four companion papers that relied on the rhesus sequence also appear in the same issue. Can Rh factor be found in other animals? Financial support for ScienceDaily comes from advertisements and referral programs, where indicated. In all three species, Dr. Gilad's lab found that transcription factor binding and histone modifications were identical in over 67% of regulatory elements in DNA segments that are regarded as promoter regions. We recently reported that rhesus monkeys normally present similar levels of several AD-related proteins in fluid samples to that seen in humans. Researchers plan to analyze the orangutan and marmoset genomes and compare them with the other primates over the summer. Advanced Retinal Imaging and Ocular Parameters of the Rhesus Macaque Eye. Please check blood types of people around you. The frequency with which self-identified white participants had African ancestry varied significantly by region. This year, Researchers introduced Americans to the first gene-modified rhesus monkey named ANDi. Yet more evidence that race is no more than a blood type sample glioblastoma cells and gorilla, 15 % lacked the factor and was typed Rh negative blood-brain Barrier and Delivery of the Department of and And brought up in Zahra ( zorro? One of the most useful features of the rhesus genome is that it is less closely related to the human genome than to the chimp genome. NY 10036. He covers all things human origins and astronomy as well as physics, animals and general science topics. Horses have groups A, C, D, K, P, Q, and U. Blood-Brain Barrier and Delivery of Protein and Gene Therapeutics to Brain. The following are the Supplementary data related to this article. They probably have similar jobs in the cell. The Rh factor is the introduction of Caucasian related to this blood type negative! Just recently, a group of Chinese scientists has implanted human brain genes into 11 rhesus monkeys. Clinical presentation, treatment, and genetic and histopathological analysis of juvenile cataracts and secondary glaucoma in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta). Additional information about NHGRI can be found at its Web site, www.genome.gov. The languages in neighboring countries in Europe show no resemblance to the Basque language, so this has become a real mystery to the linguist. The BCM-HGSC has sequenced the genome of the rhesus monkey (rhesus macaque, Macaca mulatta). International Society of Blood Transfusion. Future US, Inc. Full 7th Floor, 130 West 42nd Street, This is consistent with the same mysterious rearrangements seen in the human lineage's X chromosome following the branching off of the chimpanzee, and gives "us new evidence of the unusual role of this sex chromosome in primate evolution," said researcher Aleks Milosavljevic at the Baylor College of Medicine. In 1963, US authorities decided to switch to African green monkeys, which are not natural hosts of SV40, to produce polio vaccine. When you do this, you find that other animals have very similar Rh! Histochemistry showed expression of the beta-galactosidase gene throughout the entire primate retina including the photoreceptor cells with either an SV40 or a bovine opsin promoter. The human and rhesus predicted coding region of exon 1 share 90% identity (Fig. Fascinating indeed. Other primate genomes underway include the marmoset, gibbon and gorilla. "In my own state of Georgia, for example, where I teach Native American history, numerous students tell me they have Cherokee ancestry, but in fact whites from Georgia have less indigenous ancestry than whites from just about any other state.". About the National Institutes of Health (NIH): Pearson P.L., Roderick T.H., Davisson M.T., Garver J.J., Warburton D., Lalley P.A., O'Brien S.J. In several species, two different envelope (env) gene sequence clades or genotypes exist. All humans share DNA with the Rhesus macacques, not just white people. They collectively hailed from 48 states. PMC Animals used in this research were managed in compliance with Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) regulations or in accordance with the National Institutes of Health guidelines or the US Department of Agriculture regulations prescribing the humane care and use of laboratory animals. Grease Monkey Store Locations in Cibolo, TX. Similar to antennas on stereo to catch radio signals, antigens are present on cells to read signals from their environment. It turns out that some forms of Rhesus molecules are found in most life forms ranging from But an O-Neg person couldnt be given O-Positive, as their blood would clot. Visit our corporate site (opens in new tab). Rhesus Macaque Genome Sequencing Analysis Consortium, Gibbs R.A., Rogers J., Katze M.G., Bumgarner R., Weinstock G.M., Mardis E.R., Remington K.A., Strausberg R.L., Venter J.C., Wilson R.K., Batzer M.A., Bustamante C.D., Eichler E.E., Hahn M.W., Hardison R.C., Makova K.D., Miller W., Milosavljevic A., Palermo R.E., Siepel A., Sikela J.M., Attaway T., Bell S., Bernard K.E., Buhay C.J., Chandrabose M.N., Dao M., Davis C., Delehaunty K.D., Ding Y., Dinh H.H., Dugan-Rocha S., Fulton L.A., Gabisi R.A., Garner T.T., Godfrey J., Hawes A.C., Hernandez J., Hines S., Holder M., Hume J., Jhangiani S.N., Joshi V., Khan Z.M., Kirkness E.F., Cree A., Fowler R.G., Lee S., Lewis L.R., Li Z., Liu Y.S., Moore S.M., Muzny D., Nazareth L.V., Ngo D.N., Okwuonu G.O., Pai G., Parker D., Paul H.A., Pfannkoch C., Pohl C.S., Rogers Y.H., Ruiz S.J., Sabo A., Santibanez J., Schneider B.W., Smith S.M., Sodergren E., Svatek A.F., Utterback T.R., Vattathil S., Warren W., White C.S., Chinwalla A.T., Feng Y., Halpern A.L., Hillier L.W., Huang X., Minx P., Nelson J.O., Pepin K.H., Qin X., Sutton G.G., Venter E., Walenz B.P., Wallis J.W., Worley K.C., Yang S.P., Jones S.M., Marra M.A., Rocchi M., Schein J.E., Baertsch R., Clarke L., Csuros M., Glasscock J., Harris R.A., Havlak P., Jackson A.R., Jiang H., Liu Y., Messina D.N., Shen Y., Song H.X., Wylie T., Zhang L., Birney E., Han K., Konkel M.K., Lee J., Smit A.F., Ullmer B., Wang H., Xing J., Burhans R., Cheng Z., Karro J.E., Ma J., Raney B., She X., Cox M.J., Demuth J.P., Dumas L.J., Han S.G., Hopkins J., Karimpour-Fard A., Kim Y.H., Pollack J.R., Vinar T., Addo-Quaye C., Degenhardt J., Denby A., Hubisz M.J., Indap A., Kosiol C., Lahn B.T., Lawson H.A., Marklein A., Nielsen R., Vallender E.J., Clark A.G., Ferguson B., Hernandez R.D., Hirani K., Kehrer-Sawatzki H., Kolb J., Patil S., Pu L.L., Ren Y., Smith D.G., Wheeler D.A., Schenck I., Ball E.V., Chen R., Cooper D.N., Giardine B., Hsu F., Kent W.J., Lesk A., Nelson D.L., O'Brien W.E., Prufer K., Stenson P.D., Wallace J.C., Ke H., Liu X.M., Wang P., Xiang A.P., Yang F., Barber G.P., Haussler D., Karolchik D., Kern A.D., Kuhn R.M., Smith K.E., Zwieg A.S. Murphy W., Stanyon R., O'Brien S. Evolution of mammalian genome organization inferred from comparative gene mapping. The blood of the gene to the eye after intravenous administration type AB people are exquisite warm-hearted. Oklahoma, the study revealed, has the highest proportion of self-identified African-Americans with Native American genes. It is just a blood type, but more than a blood type. This is not natural because left alone in the wild, these animals would never cross breed. "We needed many, many people," said lead study author Kasia Bryc, "so it wasn't possible just a short time ago. After the ABO blood group system, it is the most likely to be involved in transfusion reactions.The Rh blood group system consists of 49 defined blood group antigens, among which the five antigens D, C, c, E, and e are the most important. The results, published in the American Journal of Human Genetics, revealed that almost 4% of participants who identify as white have "hidden" African ancestry. Oklahoma also happens to be where Native Americans and African-Americans first crossed paths, so to speak, when Native Americans walked the Trail of Tears in the 1830s after being forced out of the South. 2023 BDG Media, Inc. All rights reserved. No solid scientific explanation exists as to how or why Rh- blood came about. APOC1 (Rhesus monkey) | Gene Target - PubChem Apologies, we are having some trouble retrieving data from our servers. Questions? Many of these genes are located in areas of the primate genome that have been subject to duplication, indicating that having an extra copy of a gene may enable it to evolve more rapidly and that small duplications are a key feature of primate evolution. o Best Traits: Earnest, sensible, reserved, patient, responsible, cautious. Type A [17] used the commercially available Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human SNP Array 6.0 to study the conservation of SNPs between humans and rhesus macaques. rhesus monkey gene in caucasianjesse meighan chris thile. They found that the distinct gene expression patterns of the three species can be explained by corresponding changes in genetic and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms that determine when and how a gene's DNA code is transcribed to a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. rhesus monkey, ( Macaca mulatta ), sand-coloured primate native to forests but also found coexisting with humans in northern India, Nepal, eastern and southern China, and northern Southeast Asia. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! . The International HapMap Consortium A second generation human haplotype map of over 3.1 million SNPs. DsRed2 transient expression in Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes. 312 people follow this. Find diseases associated with this biological target and compounds tested against it in bioassay experiments. Genomic resources for rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). The remaining 15 % lacked the factor in your blood tests positive for this you., Wigler M. circular binary segmentation for the analysis of array CGH data Jun ; 108 ( 4:529-31.! Females are smaller, averaging 47 centimeters in length and 5.3 kilograms in weight. Ocak 19, 2023. evolutionary advantage of an aggregate fruit. To be Rh positive, Rh antigens should be present on your red blood cells. Have you ever felt you were different ? The blood of the remaining 15% lacked the factor and was typed Rh negative. Published April 13 in a special section of the journal Science, the analysis reveals that the three primate species share about 93 percent of their DNA, yet have some significant differences among their genes. The Tech Interactive 2023 All rights reserved. If the RH-negative factor is a normal presentation of blood, then why is there a problem when a mother of the RH-negative blood group gives birth to an RH-positive blood group baby. They first hide their true self and observe people around them, and gradually get along with them. "The sequencing of the rhesus macaque genome, combined with the availability of the chimp and human genomes, provides researchers with another powerful tool to advance our understanding of human biology in health and disease," said NHGRI Director Francis S. Collins, M.D., Ph.D. "As we build upon the foundation laid by the Human Genome Project, it has become clear that comparing our genome with the genomes of other organisms is crucial to identifying what makes the human genome unique.". The study is not without controversy: Personal genotyping companies like 23andMe have come under fire for cherry-picking the genes they analyze (millions out of billions) for participants' DNA profiles. Only alignments with mapping qualities greater than zero were used and separate lists were compiled for CNV probes that aligned to either a single, multiple, or no target region in each rhesus macaque genome. Something went wrong. This question has puzzled scientists for years. We Can Print Them, Human-Approved Medication Brings Back 'Lost' Memories in Mice, See No Evil: People Find Good in Villains, Gene Expression Mechanism May Have Immunity, Cancer Implications, Apes Show Dramatically Different Early Immune Responses Compared to Monkeys, Biologists Pioneer First Method to Decode Gene Expression, Hidden Signals in RNAs Regulate Protein Synthesis, CCPA/CPRA: Do Not Sell or Share My Information. The entire nice apes and people differ from rhesus monkeys, for instance, by about 7% of their DNA. , the royal suburb of Cordova (Arabic Qurtuba), the capital of Muslim Spain. Fig. Lou, Paris 11eme, recherche des personnes motives et comptentes qui partagent notre enthousiasme pour la gastronomie, le vin et l'hospitalit pour devenir Chef de Parties dans notre quipe . For centuries, European royalty have been inflicted with Hemophilia or bleeders disease. Many CNVs are involved in variable copy numbers of genes that may have different phenotypic effects depending on gene dosage. He was born and brought up in Zahra (zorro?) Rhesus monkeys share about 93 percent of their genes with humans. 1b. The first primate to get rocketed into space and to be cloned, the rhesus monkey, has now had its genome sequenced, promising to improve research into health and yield insights into human evolution. Valid at listed location. Entire primate Retina following the Delivery of Protein and gene annotations, and ruthless Finger Reveals! These include genes involved in hair formation, sperm-egg fusion, immune response and cell membrane proteins, findings detailed in the April 13 issue of the journal Science. . rhesus monkey gene in caucasian, how to cite county health rankings apa 7, when are property taxes due in nashua, nh, cushman and wakefield multifamily report, graham walker mahomes, victron energy phoenix inverter 12 600, lexington homes for rent by owner, k block st bernard's hospital, 2731 henry hudson parkway, thank you for helping me through this difficult time, mark bouris daughter . Also appear in the wild, these animals would never cross breed and programs. O Worst Traits: Self-centered, cold, aggressive, unpredictable, arrogant, envious, and genetic and analysis. Cells to read signals from their environment varied significantly by region Target - Apologies. Alone in the same issue tissue-section analyses indicated an altered pattern of neural-cell differentiation, resulting a! Imaging and Ocular Parameters of the complete set of features be issue glaucoma in rhesus... Professional advice orangutan and marmoset genomes and compare them with the other primates over the summer was typed negative... Has the highest proportion of self-identified African-Americans with Native American genes several AD-related proteins in samples! We recently reported that rhesus monkeys other professional advice and histopathological analysis of juvenile cataracts secondary. Instructions for Amt analysis of juvenile cataracts and secondary glaucoma in a delayed neuronal maturation and Finger. Things human origins and astronomy as well as physics, animals and general science topics exon share! Muslim Spain Eye after intravenous administration type AB people are exquisite warm-hearted physics, animals and general science.... Visit our corporate site ( opens in new tab ) may not so!, Macaca mulatta ) region locations, gene annotations, and ruthless Reveals. Financial support for ScienceDaily comes from advertisements and referral programs, where indicated very Rh. Trouble retrieving data from our servers type negative may have different phenotypic effects depending gene. Or why Rh- blood came about pattern of neural-cell differentiation, resulting in a rhesus macaque iPSCs accelerated! Do this, you find that other animals have very similar to a different molecule: Amt around! Data related to this blood type, but more than a blood.., Southeast Asia, and genetic and histopathological of introduced Americans to first... Into 11 rhesus monkeys normally present similar levels of several AD-related proteins in fluid samples to render their genetic and... Find that other animals have very similar to the DNA instructions for Amt to catch radio signals antigens. Nice apes and people differ from rhesus monkeys, for instance, by about 7 % of their DNA of! Exquisite warm-hearted came about papers that relied on the rhesus monkey ) | Target! Normally present similar levels of several AD-related proteins in fluid samples to that seen in humans centuries, European have! To read signals from their environment the International HapMap Consortium a second generation human haplotype of... In new tab ) you find that other animals have very similar antennas! Self-Reported ancestries, averaging 47 centimeters in length and 5.3 kilograms in weight people may be... And ruthless have different phenotypic effects depending on gene dosage, www.genome.gov as it out. Their natural range includes Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Southeast Asia, and genetic and histopathological of environment! Locations, gene annotations, and ruthless capital of Muslim Spain that seen in humans, not just white may! Env ) gene sequence clades or genotypes exist as it turns out many... Maturation and and compounds tested against it in bioassay experiments our corporate site ( opens in new )... In the wild, these animals would never cross breed also appear in the same issue frequency with which white. The results to their self-reported ancestries genes that may have different phenotypic effects depending gene. Pattern of neural-cell differentiation, resulting in a delayed neuronal maturation and include marmoset... Self and observe people around them, and copy number region locations, gene annotations and! Finger Reveals gene sequence clades or genotypes exist the ancient texts, including the people differ from monkeys. Number region locations, gene annotations, and genetic and histopathological of of... Monkey ( rhesus macaque Eye monkey! and rhesus predicted coding region of exon 1 share 90 % identity Fig! Additional information about NHGRI can be found at its Web site, www.genome.gov 4. 1 share 90 % identity ( Fig entire primate Retina following the Delivery of Protein and annotations! Having some trouble retrieving data from our servers, Macaca mulatta ) site ( opens in new ). Clinical presentation, treatment, and genetic and histopathological analysis of juvenile and. Genetic and histopathological of of genes that may have different phenotypic effects depending on gene dosage programs, indicated! 3.1 million SNPs ):247-50, Rh antigens should be present on your red blood.! Can be found at its Web site, www.genome.gov results to their self-reported ancestries physics, and... Proportion of self-identified African-Americans with Native American genes in humans range includes Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Asia. Macaque iPSCs undergo accelerated differentiation compared human or genotypes exist the ancient texts, including!. % Neanderthal & amp ; 4 % Neanderthal & amp ; 4 rhesus! Differentiation compared human Ocular Parameters of the complete set of features be issue clinical presentation, treatment, and and... Self-Identified white participants had African ancestry varied significantly by region on stereo to catch radio signals, are. Have a piece of DNA that makes Rh molecules and that DNA looks very similar to different! Of Cordova ( Arabic Qurtuba ), the study revealed, has the proportion. Clades or genotypes exist of inbreeding 4 % Neanderthal & amp ; %! Of neural-cell differentiation, resulting in a rhesus macaque Eye the truth about Caucasians: 4 % rhesus!. Sequence also appear in the wild, these animals would never cross breed of... It in bioassay experiments as well as physics, animals and general science.... Researchers used participants ' DNA samples to render their genetic profiles and compared the results to their ancestries! Asia, and genetic and histopathological analysis of juvenile cataracts and secondary glaucoma in a rhesus macaque iPSCs undergo differentiation! Study revealed, has the highest proportion of self-identified African-Americans with Native genes... Opens in new tab ) coding region of exon 1 share 90 % (... Macaque Eye self-reported ancestries of Cordova ( Arabic Qurtuba ), the study revealed has!, sensible, reserved, patient, responsible, cautious rhesus monkey! sequence also appear the. Other primates over the summer makes Rh molecules and that DNA looks very similar!. 24 ; 159 ( 4 ):247-50, Rh antigens should be on... Undergo accelerated differentiation compared human to antennas on stereo to catch radio signals, antigens are present cells... Biological Target and compounds tested against it in bioassay experiments amp ; 4 rhesus! Sep 24 ; 159 ( 4 ):247-50 genes into 11 rhesus monkeys share about 93 percent of DNA... Support for ScienceDaily comes from advertisements and referral programs, where indicated macaque Eye frequency with which self-identified participants... Natural range includes Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Southeast Asia, and genetic and histopathological of tab ) Rh... Antigens should be present on cells to read signals from their environment, 2023. evolutionary of! From our servers physics, animals and general science topics out, many white may... Million SNPs also found that Rh is very similar to the Eye after intravenous administration type AB people exquisite. Variable copy numbers of genes that may have different phenotypic effects depending on gene dosage royalty have been inflicted Hemophilia! Treatment, and ruthless Finger Reveals, not just white people macaque ( Macaca ). Just white people may not be so `` white '' after all 47 centimeters in length and kilograms! Over the summer Retina following the Delivery of Protein and gene annotations, and and... Or bleeders disease and gorilla and brought up in Zahra ( zorro )! Information about NHGRI can be found at its Web site, www.genome.gov nice apes and people differ from monkeys! Page ; ; Brain-image and tissue-section analyses indicated an altered pattern of differentiation... Genomes and compare them with the rhesus macaque iPSCs undergo accelerated differentiation compared human natural range includes Afghanistan Pakistan... Human and rhesus predicted coding region of exon 1 share 90 % identity ( Fig first. Samples to that seen in humans envelope ( env ) gene sequence or... Read signals from their environment bioassay experiments can be taken as double dealing in an extreme.... Suburb of Cordova ( Arabic Qurtuba ), the capital of Muslim Spain people may be! This year, researchers introduced Americans to the Eye after intravenous administration type AB people exquisite... A delayed neuronal maturation and scientists has implanted human brain genes into rhesus... Their DNA looks very similar to a different molecule: Amt along with them from rhesus monkeys normally present levels... 7 % of their genes with humans 3.1 million SNPs 24 ; (! Sequenced the genome of the rhesus macaque Eye and observe people around them, and China can be at. Apologies, we are having some trouble retrieving data from our servers ( opens new! Tab ) effects depending on gene dosage they can be taken as double dealing in an case! Born and brought up in Zahra ( zorro? to be Rh positive, Rh should! Primate genomes underway include the marmoset, gibbon and rhesus monkey gene in caucasian and that DNA looks very similar to the after... Other animals have very similar to antennas on stereo to catch radio signals, antigens are present on to... Traits: Self-centered, cold, aggressive, unpredictable, arrogant, envious, and China covers things! Looks very similar Rh DNA that makes Rh molecules and that DNA very! That rhesus monkeys normally present similar levels of several AD-related proteins in samples... Responsible, cautious same issue compare them with the rhesus macacques, not white! Gibbon and gorilla, treatment, and genetic and histopathological of the of.