Still, the specific and long-term needs of survivors of familial trafficking can be met in a variety of ways. The President has determined it is in the national interest of the United States to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to the Government of Nigeria (GON) and has certified that the GON is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Zambia Eswatini Every country, including the United States, can do more. [Scroll bar is available at the bottom of the table. It is through collaboration and collective understanding of both the nuances of our profoundly changed world and the needs of those affected most by the compounding effects of both human trafficking and the COVID-19 pandemic that a path forward emerges. Mongolia It has exacerbated our isolation, increased our stress, and undermined our efforts to recover from trauma. When the tables turned onto me, I already knew their opinions. 3. Canadian authorities provided disclosures to counterparts in the United States, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, Portugal, Jamaica, and Brazil, demonstrating the transnational nature of human trafficking and the importance of international cooperation to end it. In his sixth and final State of the Nation Address (SONA), Duterte said he thought that curbing the illegal drug trade would be no different from the drug war he waged in his hometown in Davao City. Congo, Democratic Republic of the Further, a waiver for support provided by the Department of Defense pursuant to 10 U.S.C. Current military assistance to Cameroon includes IMET and Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) funding. In my case, being a person of color sold by a white person to other white people was painful on multiple levels. The Ministries of Interior and Defense also issued directives meant to prevent the recruitment and sexual abuse of children by the ANDSF. Cases of official corruption are cited that involve Federal agents, prosecutors, judicial officers, political leaders, sheriffs, and police officers. The Prime Minister has taking aim at Opposition Leader Kamla Persad-Bissessar for her silence on remarks made by a former member of her People's Partnership administration about allegations that UNC members are involved in of human trafficking. In addition, since 2019 the Department of Homeland Securitys Customs and Border Protection has issued 10 Withhold Release Orders against goods and companies connected to forced labor in Xinjiang to block their entry into the United States. Ghana Governments, investors, researchers, and civil-society actors should explore how microfinance and other forms of social finance can support survivors. Breaking news daily from the Black Immigrant Community, including the Caribbean and Latin America. Sex trafficking can take place in private homes, massage parlors, hotels, or brothels, among other locations, as well as on the internet. The introduction also illustrates collaborative ways to reimagine anti-trafficking efforts with an emphasis on preparedness to prevent compounding effects of future crises on trafficking victims and vulnerable individuals, as well as efforts to combat the most recent emerging human trafficking trends. Jane Nady Sigmon This has had cascading effects for local anti-trafficking organizations and their efforts, as many donors reneged on promised funds and funding opportunities diminished across the sector. This waiver will allow the United States to provide security assistance that will support improving governance and the rule of law, promoting peace and security, combating corruption, advancing human rights, and creating conditions for greater U.S. investment and economic growth. Vanuatu, Aruba Many organizations consolidated lists of resources and online guidance on promising practices to provide support services to victims and survivors during the pandemic. Section 2 provides a description and the amounts of assistance withheld pursuant to section 404(a) of the CSPA. Second, ensuring that a child feels safe is crucial, which means that the physical space must be easily accessible, ideally through its own entrance and exit, and separates the survivor from the perpetrator to prevent further trauma. Although the government took steps to repatriate North Korean workers in accordance with UN Security Council resolutions (UNSCRs), citizens from the DPRK continued to arrive throughout the year, many of whom likely engaged in informal labor. enactment of laws prohibiting severe forms of trafficking in persons, as defined by the TVPA, and provision of criminal punishments for trafficking crimes; criminal penalties prescribed for human trafficking crimes with a maximum of at least four years deprivation of liberty, or a more severe penalty; implementation of human trafficking laws through vigorous prosecution of the prevalent forms of trafficking in the country and sentencing of traffickers; proactive victim identification measures with systematic procedures to guide law enforcement and other government-supported front-line responders in the process of victim identification; government funding and partnerships with NGOs to provide victims with access to primary health care, counseling, and shelter, allowing them to recount their trafficking experiences to trained counselors and law enforcement in an environment of minimal pressure; victim protection efforts that include access to services and shelter without detention and with legal alternatives to removal to countries in which victims would face retribution or hardship; the extent to which a government ensures victims are provided with legal and other assistance and that, consistent with domestic law, proceedings are not prejudicial to victims rights, dignity, or psychological well-being; the extent to which a government ensures the safe, humane, and to the extent possible, voluntary repatriation and reintegration of victims; governmental measures to prevent human trafficking, including efforts to curb practices identified as contributing factors to human trafficking, such as employers confiscation of foreign workers passports and allowing labor recruiters to charge fees to prospective migrants; and. But, it also is important to maintain political will and capacity to focus on other priorities to avoid backsliding on progress made in the anti-trafficking field or contributing to challenges in combating the crime. Togo They may also be used to support the Community of SantEgidios facilitation of South Sudan peace talks. Acknowledging the emotional weight of bringing trafficking-related casework into ones home, survivor-led and survivor-informed organizations were mindful of staff needs when managing cases remotely, offering resources and opportunities to support the staffs emotional well-being. This narrative was written by a consultant for the Network funded by the TIP Office. Applying an equity-based lens involves evaluating and understanding how individual organizations perpetuate the marginalization of vulnerable populations, including persons with disabilities, LGBTQI+ persons, indigenous peoples, and members of racial, ethnic, and religious minority groups. In cases where an individual engages in any of the specified acts with a child (under the age of 18), the means element is irrelevant regardless of whether evidence of force, fraud, or coercion exists. As of April 5, no PKO funding was obligated in FY 2021. International Military Education and Training $197,433 Advocates and service providers must take all reports of human trafficking seriously, which means that increased reports based on false information make it more difficult for responders to provide support to victims of human trafficking. This means that service providers can recognize signs of trauma in individuals and respond by integrating knowledge about trauma into policies, procedures, practices, and settings. Paraguay It is essential that financial institutions train staff on techniques human traffickers use to launder money and the behavioral and financial red flag indicators of human trafficking. That first month I was learning the safe spots to park my car to sleep. In contrast, when Black and Brown bodies go missing you dont hear about their disappearance anywhere near as often, if at all., Autumn Burris, The official explained, "The 2022 Trafficking in Persons (TIP) Report covered government efforts undertaken during the reporting period from April 1, 2021, through March 31, 2022." The US Embassy and Department of State are coordinating counter-trafficking in TT through three key programs, according to the embassy spokesperson. Maharaj has given credence to the Prime Minister's claim in Parliament on Friday about the involvement of Opposition members in human trafficking, as he responded to questions from Naparima MP Rodney Charles about actions taken in light of a damning 2022 US report on human trafficking, which pointed fingers at "senior government officials.". Iceland A Growing Number of People Experiencing Economic and Social Vulnerabilities. Slovenia Oman For example, the International Military Education and Training (IMET) program funds professional military education and training for the Afghanistan National Defense and Security Forces (ANDSF) that improves their capabilities, promotes respect for human rights, improves defense resource management, civil-military cooperation, and education on gender-based violence and womens health, and enhances interoperability for U.S.-Afghan joint operations. Adrienne Sgarlato St. Vincent and the Grenadines Bulgaria Veronica Jablonski The Government of Maldives incorporated questions on labor exploitation and unethical recruitment into health screenings and COVID-19 contact tracing for all foreign workers. Thus, it is imperative to stop the spread of misinformation, including conspiracy theories, both to combat sex and labor trafficking and to prevent violent extremism and counter threats to U.S. national security. That all changed when, after a few months, Joriz took a nude photo of Benilda and then forced her to pose naked in front of a webcam. The steps include continuing to support during the reporting period the UN Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) Action Plan to end use and recruitment of child soldiers. During a raid, Salih managed to run away to a displaced persons camp. Benin Between April 2020 and March 2021, Comoros and Nepal became States Parties to the Protocol. 333 $2,957,240 Trinidad and Tobago Likewise, in a sex trafficking case, an adult victims initial willingness to engage in commercial sex acts is not relevant where a perpetrator subsequently uses coercion to exploit the victim and cause them to continue engaging in the same acts. Page 45: Adria Malcolm They left their country with fake passports and worked hard laying asphalt and stone in residential neighborhoods. With continued collaboration, adaptation, and commitment to serving the needs of victims, survivors, and vulnerable populations, anti-trafficking efforts will emerge stronger in the post-pandemic era. With her determination, endless work, and leadership while working in the federal governments Specialized Investigations Office on Organized Crime, Mexico obtained its first criminal sentencing for crimes involving human trafficking and organized crime in June 2011. To that end, PKO funding may be used to support UN Special Envoy efforts, including the participation of Yemens military leadership, to reach an agreement to end the Yemeni conflict and allow for the resumption of a peaceful, inclusive, and Yemeni-led political transition. The President has determined it is in the national interest of the United States to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Iraq and has certified that the Government of Iraq (GOI) is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Turkey The anti-trafficking field has identified and delineated the recruitment, grooming, and exploitation practices traffickers use in various scenarios of both sex and labor trafficking. February 28, 2023. Julia F. Anderson The use of these innovations leaves digital footprints, which may be detected as these transactions pass through the financial system. Domestic workers are often isolated and may work alone in a house. any person under 18 years of age who has been compulsorily recruited into governmental armed forces, police, or other security forces; iii. For example, training on trafficking indicators should be expanded to healthcare workers, such as those supporting COVID-19 testing and vaccination efforts as they might be the few people a victim could interact with in public. This process includes evaluating programs and policies with humility and commitment to change wherever possible, even where those changes will be difficult to implement. July 4, 2021. OSCE/UN Women conducted a robust survey shining a light on the issues victims and service providers faced. 7103 (d) (7) ). Dominican Republic NATO Sexual Exploitation and Abuse Action Plan to be adopted by October 2020. As APRAMPs director, Mora has implemented a comprehensive victim-centered approach, which is reflected in APRAMPs mobile unit. To maintain a Tier 1 ranking, governments need to demonstrate appreciable progress each year in combating trafficking. Technology also can play a critical role in combating these crimes, increase law enforcements ability to identify victims and perpetrators, and help deliver financial assistance and other victim support services to victims as they work to rebuild their lives. In addition to putting a child trafficking victim at ease by providing a safe and structured environment for play and learning, such spaces also can help facilitate the prosecution of human traffickers by offering critical support to children as they provide information to law enforcement to help hold perpetrators accountable. The DRC plays a critical role in regional stability and security as malign influences continue to expand their influence in the region. IMET funding supports the training and education to increase the professionalization of the military through professional military education (PME) training in the United States. Botswana The reality is that abuse, pain, torture, and exploitation is the only existence these survivors may have known. Human trafficking continues to be a critical threat to Black communities. Children should receive immediate support and assistance in a safe and comfortable setting that is not intimidating or retraumatizing. This carefully calibrated support would be provided to the Yemen Border Guard, Yemen Coast Guard, and Yemen Special Operations Forces units not directly engaged in the current conflict, but rather involved in efforts against malign third party influences contributing to the on-going conflict and crisis. Doing so allowed the organization to continue connecting with potential trafficking victims, now hidden in private apartments and clandestine areas instead of clubs and brothels, which had been ordered to close due to the lockdown along with all other public spaces. Those who have managed to avoid detention are still at risk of state-sponsored forced labor and other abuses. Ericka Moten Founded in 2001, Sana Sezim has been a premier anti-trafficking organization in Kazakhstan and has greatly advanced efforts within the country to end human trafficking and help labor migrants. The FGS is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. TT, along with countries in regions around the globe, gets a data-call request from the embassy every November. Removing the ability to profit from the crime disincentivizes traffickers and serves as a crucial deterrent to prevent the crime altogether. Budget Day 2020/2021; . Three police officers were prosecuted for trafficking crimes, and a customs officer was charged in April 2021 under the Immigration Act for aiding and abetting the illegal entry of a Venezuelan migrant, but the investigation, which included a probe into whether the case involved human trafficking, is still pending. For example, in the United States, the Departments of State, the Treasury, Commerce, and Homeland Security released the Xinjiang Supply Chain Business Advisory to alert businesses and other entities to the reputational, economic, and legal risks of involvement with entities in or linked to Xinjiang. UNODCs partner NGOs that work on human trafficking reported that pandemic-related measures led their beneficiaries to lose income and access to food. 6. This is an issue. On December 2, Shaare Technologies LLC, (developers of the app) submitted its S4 Law Enforcement and Public Safety Technology to be judged amongst the best technologies in the world. Bolivia This waiver will allow the U.S. government to provide security assistance to make Cameroons military more professional through an appreciation of the importance of human rights and rule of law. Financial institutions are required to comply with law enforcement processes seeking to identify traffickers assets, which can be seized, forfeited, and used toward restitution for victims. Foreign domestic workers are particularly vulnerable to abuse due to language and cultural barriers, as well as a lack of community ties. The importance of proactive response and crisis mitigation planning to anti-trafficking activities. Traffickers can use schemes that take victims hundreds of miles away from their homes, or exploit them in the same neighborhoods where they were born. As the UN-recognized government of Libya, the GNA and its military leaders are critical interlocutors in these discussions. She trains government officials regularly, sharing important experiences on working with victims at Sana Sezims human trafficking shelter. Daniel Evensen When the school closed the educational visa program after complaints were filed, it encouraged students to self-deport. Gregory Borgstede In Colombia, IOM also designed a geo-referencing, GPS-based mobile application for members of the counter-trafficking national taskforce to detect trafficking victims and activate immediate direct assistance. Survivors also supported broader community responses to COVID-19. Colombia Some countries automatically extended temporary and transitory visas for migrant workers, while others suspended fines for unauthorized stays or extended medical coverage to anyone awaiting a decision on their immigration status. In some countries, the law provides for corporate accountability in both the civil and criminal justice systems. We have seen, for instance, how deeply held racial biases and stereotypes inappropriately influence outcomes for those in our criminal justice system as they lead to racially disparate assumptions about who is identified as a trafficker and who is identified as a victim. Page 25: Panos Pictures/Karen Robinson There is a big problem of Black and Brown bodies being treated differently from White bodies. The spokesperson did not identify specific individuals to be investigated. The COVID-19 pandemic increases childrens vulnerability to trafficking for several cross-cutting reasons. The UN and the CJTF, with the support of the government, have since identified and formally separated over 1,700 children, including 894 in May 2019. This email address provides a means by which organizations and individuals can share information with the Department of State throughout the year on government progress in addressing human trafficking. When I was told, you will either be a child of mine or gay, I simply said fine and walked out the door with the few items I could carry. All three elements are essential to form a human trafficking violation. Sexual slavery, as referred to here, occurs when armed groups force or coerce children to marry or be raped by commanders or combatants. The 2007 TIP Report showed for the first time a breakout of the number of total prosecutions and convictions that related to labor trafficking, placed in parentheses. This has been seen through other crisis situations, such as the Darfur Genocide in 2003, the emergence of Boko Haram in Nigeria in 2009, the Philippines Typhoon Haiyan in 2013, the Ebola outbreak in West Africa in 2014, the emergence of the migrant crisis in Europe in 2015, and the Rohingya exodus in Burma in 2017, to name a few. The 2020 Trafficking in Persons Report marked the first time the U.S. Department of State applied this new provision, finding 12 governments had a policy or pattern of trafficking, including: Afghanistan, Belarus, Burma, China, Cuba, Eritrea, Iran, North Korea, Russia, South Sudan, Syria, and Turkmenistan. Often the people in the best position to identify a potential case of human trafficking are neighbors, family members, friends, or others close to victims or traffickers. Founding CEO, Survivors for Solutions, featured in ECPAT-USAs Survivor Perspective blog series. Reports from the United States, the United Kingdom, and Uruguay illustrate that landlords forced their tenants (often women) to have sex with them when the tenant could not pay rent. The Chinese authorities also made Mei stay in cells that were equipped with cameras and a loudspeaker. We need to be seen as people. In this position, Cabrera plays a pivotal role in advancing the offices ability to investigate and prosecute human trafficking cases. Page 36: Getty-Ina Fassbender/Contributor Latvia Due to school closures, some children lacked access to education, shelter, and/or food. Burkina Faso More than 175 countries have ratified or acceded to the UN TIP Protocol which defines trafficking in persons and contains obligations to prevent and combat the crime. If a government has penalized or punished a victim in such a way, the government should vacate the conviction and/or expunge the victims record. Page 17: Sara Hylton The analysis is primarily focused on the traffickers conduct and not that of the victim. The GNA is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers, including by working closely with the U.S. government in the context of our recurring bilateral Security Dialogue to disarm and demobilize the militias, which engage in their recruitment and use. Kidnappings fueling human trafficking between Venezuela and its island neighbor have been carried out in Delta Amacuro, according to a 2020 report from Dr Cleophas Justine Pierre, a human trafficking researcher and director of research and business development at Dunn, Pierre, Barnett and Company Canada Limited. These campaigns typically target audiences who are much older than those exploited in familial trafficking. The victim stories and photographs included in this report are meant to be illustrative [see PDF version for photos]. As of April 5, IMET funding was obligated for the following activity: military professionalization training. With this years Report we celebrate the efforts of anti-trafficking professionals who continued to serve and identify victims as well as prosecute traffickers amidst the pandemics devastating effects on the worlds most vulnerable populations. Sri Lanka At first, it may not be apparent that acting on this information could have any harmful consequences. Neither U.S. law nor international law requires that a trafficker or victim move across a border for a human trafficking offense to take place. The elements of both definitions can be described using a three-element framework focused on the traffickers 1) acts; 2) means; and 3) purpose. Timor-Leste For 26 years, Roco Mora-Nieto has dedicated her efforts to combat the sexual exploitation of women and, since the 1990s, sex trafficking in Spain through her work as director of the Association for the Prevention, Reintegration and Assistance of Prostituted Women (APRAMP). While the TVPA already directs the Secretary to consider the extent to which officials participated in, facilitated, condoned, or were otherwise complicit in trafficking when determining tier rankings, this new section more directly links government involvement in trafficking crimes to a Tier 3 ranking. The report also noted that authorities did not pursue a prosecution if the victims were not willing to testify against an alleged trafficker, and a backlog in the courts, despite system reforms in 2019, leads to cases taking, on average, five-ten years to be resolved. In Kosovo, Terre des Hommes, along with partners, organized and conducted webinars on case management, challenges, and sustainability of delivering services to victims of trafficking during the COVID-19 pandemic. The cost of the projects with a specific focus on countering the trafficking of people in TT came up to about US$5.2 million. Furthermore, familial trafficking situations may have prevented survivors from developing key healthy social skills, including how to make and maintain friends, relate to other children and adults, ask for assistance, and recognize their own self-worth. Curaao The Human Trafficking Foundation started a Google group, and the Freedom Collaborative initiated a COVID-19 Response Facebook group. The GOI is taking effective and continuing steps to address the problem of child soldiers. Reports of human rights violations attributable to state security forces is on a downward trend. The response to the impacts of the pandemic on anti-trafficking efforts thus far has largely been reactive as stakeholders work to understand the effects and adapt. This content often becomes viral on mainstream social media platforms, taking advantage of well-intentioned members of the public, including those who want to take action to make a difference. With proper training and guidance, financial institutions and designated non-financial businesses are able to identify illicit finance related to human trafficking and report potential cases. As vulnerabilities increase and human traffickers quickly adapt, governments must take steps to address anti-trafficking efforts in their COVID-19 strategies, including by supporting and cooperating with the anti-trafficking community as it adjusts to the pandemic operating environment. Judges admitted virtual victim testimony via livestream in a separate room to allow victims to feel safer and prevent the potential spread of COVID-19. Access to information and translation services for trafficking victims was also a challenge, as victim support networks reduced services to a minimum. Throughout the COVID-19 crisis, governments faced the predicament of shifting priorities to focus on growing health and economic concerns, which drew attention and resources away from anti-trafficking efforts. The Government of Nigeria should continue to make progress in combating the unlawful recruitment and use of child soldiers. In FY 2020, support is expected to expand to include efforts to strengthen Nigerian cadre and training facilities at their basic and advanced infantry schools. Moreover, the OSCE/UN Women survey concluded that only 14 percent of national referral mechanisms were fully operational, due in part to government employees working from home and low technological literacy and capacity. Service providers should continue information-sharing efforts to develop and promote promising practices for supporting identified victims and vulnerable populations during the pandemic. Belgium Governments, donors, and civil society organizations faced practical and ethical dilemmas reconciling pandemic mitigation strategies with the implementation of anti-trafficking activities. Switzerland For purposes of the preceding sentence, suspended or significantly reduced sentences for convictions of principal actors in cases of severe forms of trafficking in persons shall be considered, on a case-by-case basis, whether to be considered an indicator of serious and sustained efforts to eliminate severe forms of trafficking in persons. On October 14, 2020, the President determined that it is in the national interest of the United States to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Afghanistan, Cameroon, Iraq, Libya, and Nigeria; and to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to the DRC to allow for the provision of IMET and Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) assistance, to the extent that the CSPA would restrict such assistance or support; to waive the application of the prohibition in section 404(a) of the CSPA with respect to Somalia to allow for the provision of IMET and PKO assistance and DoD support provided pursuant to 10 U.S.C. Finally, the TVPA limits a country to one year on Tier 2 Watch List after that country received a waiver to stay on the Watch List and was subsequently downgraded to Tier 3. Some of us were there to pay off the debts owed to the bar owner. Moira Honohan Belize Luxembourg Tatum West International Military Education and Training $394,066 Peacekeeping Operations The assertion came days after government and opposition politicians pointed fingers at each other over a 2022 Trafficking in Persons report issued by the US which suggested government officials were complicit. South Africa Frequently, service providers use the same approaches and resources for familial trafficking that are used for all types of human trafficking, which can be inappropriate and even harmful. Human trafficking rings often use instant and secure communication mechanisms to facilitate activities among members and employ GPS location applications as one way to remotely control victims. A downward trend ) of the victim beneficiaries to lose income and access education. Still at risk of state-sponsored forced labor and other abuses are particularly vulnerable to abuse to! 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