The chapel has an apse constructed within a natural rock shelter. Mark 6:53 When they had crossed over, they came to land at Gennesaret, and moored to the shore. The place might therefore be called with propriety, either "land of the Gerasenes," with reference to the local center, or "land of the Gadarenes," with reference to the superior city. The miracle referred to took place, without doubt, near the town of Gergesa . John 6:1 After these things, Jesus went away to the other side of the sea of Galilee, which is also called the Sea of Tiberias. That monastery was destroyed by Sassanid Persian armies in 614 CE, partially rebuilt, and finally levelled by the 749 Galilee earthquake. It curves round from el-Mejdel in the South, to `Ain et-Tineh, or Khan Minyeh, in the North, a distance of over 3 miles, with an average breadth from the sea to the foot of the mountains of about a mile. It is therefore significant that only the Fourth Gospel speaks of "Bethsaida of Galilee. Scholarship seems to be split on whether Gergasa/Kursi is a viable option or not: But, whats the historical value of Eusebius claim? To one descending from Mt. Fertility:The walnut, the palm, the olive and the fig, which usually require diverse conditions, flourish together here. Driving distance between Capernaum, Israel and Jerusalem, Israel is calculated by google maps and it is 99 mi. The monastery compound lies at the foot of a hill, on a plain by the Sea of Galilee. Both Gerasa and Gadara were cities to the east of the Sea of Galilee and the River Jordan. Now there is no question that Capernaum was on "the other side," nor is there any suggestion that the boat was driven out of its course; and it is quite obvious that, sailing toward Capernaum, whether at Tell Chum or at Khan Minyeh, it would never reach Bethsaida Julius. Brill, 19942000), 204. The distance is about 19 miles from the river. Gergesa, also Gergasa ( in Byzantine greek) or the Country of the Gergesenes, is a place on the eastern ( Golan Heights) side of the Sea of Galilee located at some distance to the ancient Decapolis cities of Gadara and Gerasa. used the phrase "Bethsaida of Galilee" of a place only recently attached to that province, writing, as he was, at a distance from the scene, and . It became the seat of a bishopric, and one of its bishops attended the Council of Chalcedon. EVENT. On the shore, fully 2 miles from the Jordan, are the ruins of Tell Chum. Giu 11, 2022 | how to calculate calories per serving in a recipe. Among the variants are the Land of Gadarenes, the Land of Gergesenes, the Land of Gerasenes and the Land of Gergustenes. Gerasa itself is probably represented by the ruins of Kurseh on the South side of Wady Semak, just where it opens on the seashore. The arguments for and against this view may be summarized as follows:(a) Galilee ran right round the lake, including most of the level coastland on the East. Where vegetable gardens are planted they yield plentifully. 2, Tyndale New Testament Commentaries (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 1989), 158. Here he feeds the 5,000 (Mt 14:14; Mk 6:33; Lk 9:11; Jn 6:5) [6] The disciples return across the Sea of Galilee (Mt 14:22; Mk 6:45), Jesus walking on the water to join them (Mt 14:25; Mk 6:48; Jn 6:19). To deal with it he changed country of the Gerasenes to country of the Gadarenes: Matthew 8:28 When he came to the other side, to the country of the Gadarenes, two demoniacs coming out of the tombs met him.. 13:1-53. Distances. 2023 Biblical Historical Context. Northward the plain widens into the marshy breadths of el-BaTeichah, and once more we reach the Jordan, flowing smoothly through the fiat lands to the sea.3. Jesus commands the unclean spirits to come out of him. He therefore took it upon himself to change the geographical details to make them more realistic. In one village he heals a man with leprosy and sends him to the priest to offer a sacrifice in accordance with the Jewish . According to Luke 3:23, Jesus was about thirty years old (quite old in those days) when he began his ministry. The Valley of Kursi, or Wadi Samak, is still rich in fertile farming land. From Jerusalem to: Bethany - 2 miles Bethlehem - 6 miles Bethphage - 1 mile Caesarea - 57 miles Caesarea Philippi - 105 miles Capernaum - 85 miles Dead Sea - 6 miles Emmaus - 16 miles Jericho - 15 miles Joppa - 35 miles Jordan River - 21 miles Mediterranean Sea - 37 miles Salim - 50 miles Samaria - 36 miles Sea of Galilee - 70 miles He says the "soil is so fruitful that all sorts of trees can grow upon it."3. Gergesa, also Gergasa ( in Byzantine greek) or the Country of the Gergesenes, is a place on the eastern (Golan Heights) side of the Sea of Galilee located at some distance to the ancient Decapolis cities of Gadara and Gerasa. In addition to the domestic uses of oilin foods, as well as in lampsvials of holy oil were often given or sold to pilgrims. But Gergesa, from which comes the name the Gergesenes, is an ancient city in the vicinity of the lake which is now called Tiberias. 6.211. Naturally the temperature in the valley is higher than that of the uplands; and here wheat and barley are harvested about a month earlier. The pretty wild ride that the Black Obelisk took from Nimrud, where it was found, to the British Museum, where its displayed to this day. Even if Judas were born in Gamala, and so might properly be called a Gaulonite, he may, like others, have come to be known as belonging to the province in which his active life was spent. du Talmud, 45).Centuries of neglect made a sad change in the plain. Occasionally, however, tempests break over the lake, in which a boat could hardly live. Every effort has been made to accurately determine the rights status of works and their images. At the beginning of the Jewish revolt the country around Gadara was laid waste (BJ, II, xviii, 1). The warm water from copious springs runs into a little bay of the sea in which fishes congregate in great numbers. So, all a layman like me who wants to avoid exegeting the english can do is trust good scholarship: Its comforting to know that Luz translates it But far off from them a large herd of pigs was feeding.7 On the other hand, Newman and Stine make the astute observation that It seems that at some distance does not indicate a great distance, since the pigs can be seen.8. (In Matthew, the story tells of two demoniacs.) With the conquest of the Moslems it passed under eclipse, and is now an utter ruin.3. Byzantine Christian monks venerated a site situated a few kilometres north of Hippos on the lake shore, as the location of the miracle. From the beginning of our work, it was clear that we were excavating the remains of a large, walled settlement of a religious character, undoubtedly a monastery that included a well-built basilica of exceptional quality. The Response of the Released Demoniac(5:18-20) The Lord granted the only request of these residents, which was for Him to leave. In recent years there has been a considerable revival of this industry. Cultivation was confined to the Southwest part; and the rest furnished grazing ground for a tribe of nomads. In contrast to the western shore, the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee has usually lain outside the area of the Christian pilgrims principal interest. The sultan of Damascus is said to have fortified it; but there is nothing to show that the Moslems occupied it for any length of time.3. Still other pilgrimage sites, such as Magdala, have been only recently rediscovered by archaeological excavations after having been entirely forgotten for more than a thousand years. If you know the geography of the Sea of Galilee at all, its almost entirely surrounded by hills, some of them pretty steep. Then Josephus explicitly says that Bethsaida was in Lower Gaulonitis (BJ, II, ix, 1). Ancient scribes probably heard or saw one name in the process of copying a manuscript and thought they heard another. John R. McRay, Archaeology and the New Testament, Dictionary of New Testament Background: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity Press, 2000), 97. (Ant., XIV, iv, 4; BJ, I, vii, 7); from which it would appear to have declined in Jewish hands. The presence of a copious spring of sweet water makes it probable that the site has been occupied from olden time; but no trace remains of any ancient city. Distance between Ramat Gan and Capernaum (114,37 km.) Unless they had moved their residence from Bethsaida to Capernaum, of which there is no record, and which for fishermen was unlikely, Bethsaida must have lain close to Capernaum. [5] From Capernaum, they go off by boat with Jesus to a quiet place (Mk 6:32) near Bethsaida (Lk 9:10). One of the most significant sites on the eastern shore is the place where the so-called swine miracle is thought to have occurred. OK. First up: they dont agree. Mark 6:45 Immediately he made his disciples get into the boat, and to go ahead to the other side, to Bethsaida, while he himself sent the multitude away. When it comes down to it we really have no idea where the event the narratives are based on took place. This street was over 25 feet wide and was paved with carefully cut, black basalt stones. He could have followed Mark, but he chose to do something else.9 It seems reasonable to this layman to suggest that maybe Matthew relocated the herd because he knew enough of the geography to say that if this event took place in the country of the Gadarenes the herd couldnt be both on a hillside and close to the shore Gadara was around 5 or 6 miles away from the shore, and the hills that lead from Gadara to the lake are very close to Gadara and a number of miles from the lake. The narrow ridge on which the ruins lie runs out toward the Jordan from the uplands of Gilead, with the deep gorge of Wady Yarmuk-Hieromax-on the North, and Wady el `Arab on the South. (c) The words of Mark (Mark 6:45), it is suggested (Sanday, Sacred Sites of the Gospels, 42), have been too strictly interpreted: as the Gospel was written probably at Rome, its author being a native, not of Galilee, but of Jerusalem. Next, we reach the mouth of Wady Semak, in which lie the ruins of Kurseh, probably representing the ancient Gerasa. 2019 Dr. Andrew Jackson. (Ant., XV, vii, 3; BJ, I, xx, 3). The ridge sinks gradually to the East, and falls steeply on the other three sides, so that the position was one of great strength. The miracle of the swine took place during Jesus' visit to "the land of the Gadarenes," "the land of the Gerasenes," or "the land of the Gergesenes.". The emperor would not listen to the accusations of the inhabitants against Herod for oppressive conduct (Ant., XV, x, 2). There is scarcely any doubt that the scene of the miracle on the poor demoniac, and of the subsequent possession of the swine, must be looked for on this spot. The most likely answer is to the country of the Gerasenes: i.e., Gerasa, a Greek town thought to be the same as the similarly-named Kersa on the east shore of Lake Tiberias. Mark 1:16 Passing along by the sea of Galilee, he saw Simon and Andrew the brother of Simon casting a net into the sea, for they were fishermen. (St. Matt. The Name:This is the name 5 times given in the New Testament (Matthew 4:18; Matthew 15:29 Mark 1:16; Mark 7:31 John 6:1) to the sheet of water which is elsewhere called "the sea of Tiberias" (John 21:1; compare John 6:1); "the lake of Gennesaret" (Luke 5:1); "the sea" (John 6:16, etc. It was the seat of one of the councils instituted by Gabinius for the government of the Jews (Ant., XIV, v, 4; BJ, I, viii, 5). Matthew, using Mark as a source for his own gospel, appears to have been aware of this geographic difficulty. , Origen, John. As a result of excavations by the Israel Department of Antiquities and Museums, however, it is becoming quite clear that the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee also played an important role in early Christian pilgrimages. They are closed by carved stone doors, and are used as storehouses for grain, and also as dwellings by the inhabitants. If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Tiberias to Capernaum, It takes 0.01 hours to arrive. Thats quite possible and I certainly dont dismiss that as an explanation for the geographical problem that prompted this post. All three of these New Testament variants have solid textual support. (d) In support of the single-city theory it is further argued that(i) Jesus withdrew to Bethsaida as being in the jurisdiction of Philip, when he heard of the murder of John by Antipas, and would not have sought again the territories of the latter so soon after leaving them. There is a cliff lying beside this lake from which they point out the swine were cast down by the demons.15. Distance between Haifa and Capernaum (51,83 km.) It was located on the shore of the Sea of Galilee, whereas Gerasa and Gadara were several kilometers south-east of it. The Gadarenes captured some of the boldest of the Jews, of whom several were put to death, and others imprisoned (ibid., 5). 8:4-18 Sea of Galilee. The location of the incident of the "Gadarene . The Name:The first syllable of the name Gennesaret is evidently the Hebrew gan, "garden"; while the second may be a proper name. In the rooms north of the prayer hall, we found an oil-press, including the crushing, pressing and collecting components. As this is too far from the sea for a fishing village, Schumacher (The Jaulan, 246) suggests that el-`Araj, "a large, completely destroyed site close to the lake," connected in ancient times with et-Tell "by the beautiful roads still visible," may have been the fishing village, and et-Tell the princely residence. Both Gerasa and Gadara were cities to the east of the Sea of Galilee and the River Jordan. Save in very settled conditions they will not venture far from the shore. Capernaum shall be brought down to Hades' (Matthew 11:21-23; Luke 10: 13- 15). , Ludwig Koehler et al., The Hebrew and Aramaic Lexicon of the Old Testament (Leiden: E.J. Sohow did this problem arise? Gerasa and Gadara are accounted for in historical accounts (by writers such as Pliny the Elder and Josephus) and by archaeological research. During the second half of the sixth century, the diaconicon was remodeled to house a baptistery. Want of precision on topographical points, therefore, need not surprise us. According to Mark, night and day he cries out on the mountains and bruises himself with stones. A paved street, with double colonnade, ran from East to West. In a few moments the air was thick with mist, through which one could hear the roar of the tortured waters. All three Synoptic Gospels mention this miracle, Matthew writes about two possessed men instead of just one, and only some manuscripts of his Gospel name the location as Gergesa, while the other copies, as well as all versions of Luke and Mark, mention either Gadara or Gerasa (see Mark 5:1-20, Luke 8:26-39, Matthew 8:28-34). (iv) The present writer is familiar with these waters in both storm and calm. Distance between North District and Capernaum (9,93 km.) When we excavated this structure in 1980, we discovered that this was the very site of the miracle, as fixed by Christians in the mid-third century. This describes the district in which Christ met and healed the demoniac from the tombs, where also took place the destruction of the swine. Jesus'-Ministry, Many ancient tombs are to be seen in the face of the hills. , Also, Id like to think Ive demonstrated elsewhere on this site that Im more than comfortable with the notion that the biblical text contains genuine errors, contradictions, etc. Gergesenes means "those who come from pilgrimage or fight.". All three Synoptic Gospels (Mark 5:120; Luke 8:2639; Matthew 8:2834) mention the swine miracle, although with variations. Lucius Annius, at the instance of Vespasian, sacked and burned the city, with much slaughter (BJ, IV, ix, 1). One things for sure: Gergasa, if it can be equated with Kursi, is the most geographically plausible16 reading. The main street of the monastery compound led from the western gate to the church in the center. The structure itself consists of two parts. Near by is the site at `Ain et-Tabigha, which many have identified with Bethsaida of Galilee. Black basalt blocks form the base of the synagogue at Capernaum (Luke 7:5) Jesus travels round Galilee. History:The great and splendid city in the Decapolis is first mentioned as taken after a siege by Alexander Janneus, 85 B.C. It is located at the longitude of -71.522615 and latitude of 41.364855. 10, Library of the Historical Jesus Studies (London; New Delhi; New York; Sydney: Bloomsbury, 2013), 168. Slowly, perhaps, but surely, the old order is giving place to the new. Jerusalem: 31.7857: 35.2007: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 126.65 km: If you travel with an airplane (which has average speed of 560 miles per hour) between Nazareth to Capernaum, It takes 0.04 hours to arrive. The rest of the mosaics were laid earlier, probably shortly after the church was built at the beginning of the sixth century. The narratives of Mark and Luke tell us that the heard of pigs was located on the hillside and that the herd rushed down the steep bank into the sea (Mk 5:13 Lukes record is pretty much identical). The total distance between Galilee and Capernaum is 5131 KM (kilometers) and 307.05 meters. The southern city, therefore, should be understood as "the capital of Peraea" in BJ, IV; vii, 3.Gadara was a member of the DECAPOLIS (which see).W. The distance line on map shows distance from Jerusalem to Capernaum between two cities. Fragments of an elaborate border, however, remain intact. At eT-Tabgha in the North, at `Ain el Fuliyeh, South of el-Mejdel, and on the shore, about 2 miles South of modern Tiberias, there are strong hot springs. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. (iv) In view of the frequent repetition of names in Palestine the nearness of the two Bethsaidas raises no difficulty. It gradually narrows toward the South, taking the shape of a gigantic pear, with a decided bulge to the West. The lower part simply encloses a huge boulder, over 22 feet high. 27, Anchor Yale Bible (New Haven; London: Yale University Press, 2008), 342. It is applied to a district on the Northwest shore of the Sea of Galilee (Matthew 14:34 Mark 6:53), now known as el-Ghuweir, "little Ghor." Some of the auxiliary rooms of the church and its chapels were closed off completely; others were converted to domestic or industrial use. . Finding out that biblical hail was actually ice and fire mixed together, which is actually ash blobs. This has therefore always been a favorite haunt of fishermen. These demon-possessed pigs then run headlong into the lake and, presumably, drown. Its fair to say this is one of the weirder gospel narratives. The water of the lake is clear and sweet. Pilgrimage was cut off and with it a major source of income. This is just five miles from Capernaum, where Jesus had previously been, so it makes sense. It maybe taken as certain that the jurisdiction of Gadara, as the chief city in these regions, extended over the country East of the Sea, including the lands of the subordinate town, GERASA (which see). However, check out this map: Gadara itself or anywhere relatively close to it is still quite a distance a number of miles/kilometres. Mark and Luke locate the event in the country of the Gerasenes; Matthew in the country of the Gadarenes thats the geographical problem were going to look at in this post. The Life and Times of Jesus the Messiah Alfred Edersheim. 31 or 32. JOHN. Although the miracle goes under the name of the Gadarene swine, it seems that the name Gerasenes is nearer the mark, as this was the land of Geshur in ancient times. It was a strong fortress (Ant., XIII, iii, 3), near the Hieromax-i.e. History:The name Gadara appears to be Semitic It is still heard in Jedur, which attaches to the ancient rock tombs, with sarcophagi, to the East of the present ruins. Did he just take a stab at a location that seemed possible based on what hed heard somewhere? It was on the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee, and must have been a locality where the steep edges of the Bashan plateau drop close upon the brink of the lake. (ii) The Bethsaida of medieval writers was evidently on the West of the Jordan. After Herod's death it was joined to the province of Syria, 4 B.C. Josephus names it as marking the eastern limit of Peraea (BJ, III, iii, 3). Jesus gives Kingdom illustrations. And that doesnt fit the description were given of the stampede at all. Nazareth: 32.699634: 35.303548: Capernaum: 32.88033: 35.573307: Distance: 32.24 km: Today, it is identified with El-Koursi or Kursi. The fruits of Gennesaret had such high repute among the rabbis that they were not allowed in Jerusalem at the time of the feasts, lest any might be tempted to come merely for their enjoyment (Neubauer, Geog. Luke 8:26 They arrived at the country of the Gadarenes, which is opposite Galilee. John 12:21 These, therefore, came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, "Sir, we want to see Jesus. It continued to be a great and important city, and was long the seat of a bishop (Reland, Palestine, 776). Inside the compound, near this western entrance, we uncovered the remains of a large, well-constructed building that probably functioned as a guest-house or hospice for pilgrims. He deals with a remaining issue by locating the herd some distance away rather than on the hillside next to the lake. The distance line on map shows distance from Nazareth to Capernaum between two cities. Some of these sites, such as Capernaum, have a continuous and uninterrupted place in the history of Christian pilgrimage, beginning as far back as the first centuries of our era. "The advent of the railway has stirred afresh the pulses of life in the valley. The name is derived from either a lakeside village, Gergesa, the next larger city, Gadara, or the best-known city in the region, Gerasa. The ruts worn in the pavement by the chariot wheels are still to be seen.That there was a second Gadara seems certain, and it may be intended in some of the passages referred to above. It should be noted, however, that the name is in origin radically different from Bethsaida. It may have been the fishing town adjoining the larger city. Possibly, however, the name may represent the Hebrew ganne sarim, "princely gardens." There is no good reason, however, to question the accuracy of the text in either case. But as we have seen above, the "want of precision" must also be attributed to the writer of John 6:17. Other sites, Tabga for example, were restored in the last decades of the 19th century, after centuries of neglect and abandonment. In the early Roman period, an important urban settlement with a safe anchorage stood here. Settlers in the valley thereafter confined themselves to the area immediately on the shore. Gergasa, it has been suggested12, is a transliteration of Kursi, located half way up the eastern shore of the Sea of Galilee. Water:The middle portion is supplied from `Ain el-Madawwerah, a copious fountain near the western edge of the plain, round which a wall has been built, to raise the level of the water; and from the perennial stream, Wady er-Rubadiyeh, which drives a mill before starting on its work of irrigation. 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