The Kurds are a famous example of a stateless nation; their territory is called "Kurdistan.". How many stateless nations are there? Will you pass the quiz? Stateless nations can have large populations; for example the Kurds have an estimated population of over 30 million people, which make them one of the largest stateless nations. [20][21], People with a common origin, history, language, culture, customs or religion can turn into a nation by awakening of national consciousness. Historically occupied the. We will finish by showing how this fits into the AP Human Geography multiple choice and free response question (FRQ) by showing an example, followed by a summary of this entire page. In 1947, the United Nations decided to divide the country of Palestine (an area of about 2,400 square miles or 6,215 square kilometers) into a Jewish state (which became Israel) and an Arab state. Examples include Kurds (Kurdistan), Palestinians (Palestine), and Yoruba. These often differ from cultural boundaries. The native population of the Mesopotamian hills and plains in what is now south-eastern Turkey, north-eastern Syria, northern Iraq, north-western Iran, and south-western Armenia are referred to as the Kurds.. Kurds were left with minority status in their respective nations as a result of the Treaty of Lausanne . Minoritize is a verb used in the social sciences to critically describe the processes which create inequity between groups in a given country. Nation-state: A state in which the cultural borders of a nation correspond with the state borders of a country (e.g. A Study Based on the Literature of the Second Jewish Commonwealth", "Is 'Jewish' a Nationality or Religion? For example, a child born in a foreign country can risk becoming stateless if that country does not permit nationality based on birth alone and if the country of origin does not allow a parent to pass on nationality to children born abroad. Regarding the free response question (FRQ), you will most likely not be directly asked a question involving stateless nations explicitly. Refugees, hidden, and dispossession of homeland. You can also find thousands of practice questions on Albert.io. Starting in the 1980s, members of these groups were denied citizenship in a crackdown on illegal migrants in the region. This is considered insulting or worse. The Middle East and the Impact of Imperialism, Part 3. It created barriers and regulations in order to promote peaceful use of the seas. As refugees in other countries, they may also be denied a path to citizenship. A. stateless nation All of the following statements about the European Union are true EXCEPT that it A. has not grown in size since its original creation. National devolution, further autonomy or total secession from Mali. Even today, there are active autonomy and independence movements around the world. Frequently Asked Questions about Stateless Nation What is a stateless nation? Because the Roma don't believe in the ownership of personal property, including homes, they have always lived on the fringes of European society, drawing suspicion as thieves, occult worshippers or worse. This section gives an overview of national identities and how they formed in the Middle East, and how they differ from European and global views on national identity. Majority of the Circassians were destroyed by Russia in the, Many groups seek for total independence from Italy, while some just want more autonomy and recognition of Venetian language and people. RWE is Europe's largest CO 2 emitter, with reported CO 2 emissions of 148 million tons in 2016, an amount almost 3 times as high as Norway's total annual greenhouse gas emissions. For the sake of this discussion, however, it is important to know that various cultural communities, whether they called themselves qawm or umum (plural for umma), came to consider themselves nations. (The term "gypsy" comes from the false belief that the Roma originated in Egypt.). He has 10 books in print and lives in Panama. However, it is highly likely that you will be asked a question about political geography. Check out our other articles on APHuman Geography. [2] The term "stateless" implies that the group "should have" such a state (country). [4] However, not all peoples within multi-cultural states have the same awareness of being a stateless nation. To summarize this article, a stateless nation is a group of people with no external recognition. The GPFG, for example, still holds investments of over 1.38 billion NOK in the German utility RWE. Stateless nations are either dispersed across a number of states (for example, the Kurdish people are found in Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia and Syria), or they form the native population of a province within a larger state (such as the Uyghur people in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region within the People's Republic of China). Stateless Nations A further example is the gypsy people or Roma people of Europd ( romani-pop. Turmoil in the Middle East: Imperialism, War, and Political Instability (1999), Berch Berberoglu, 69p. For example in Iran the majority identity is Persian-speaking, Shii Muslim. A concern of any country is how to stay sovereign in the face of forces that may divide its citizens. A nation, or a people, is usually referred to asqawm in Arabic. Political Islam in the Modern World, Part 15. Stateless Nation: An ethnic group that does not comprise the majority of the population in the country where its homeland is located, or in any other country. Devine.[8]. It was a defeat for the Church, but a victory for increased individualism in regard to spirituality and group belonging. Nation-states describe a state comprised of a population with over 90 percent of a particular culture. Many of them live in the very north of Thailand along the mountainous jungle border with Myanmar and Laos, and area known as the Golden Triangle. The examples are too numerous to list. This page was last edited on 27 February 2023, at 02:32. The Kurds, numbering an estimated 20 million Kurds, are commonly seen as the world's largest nation without a state. One example of a stateless nation is the Kurds, who are an ethnic group native to the Middle East and are spread across parts of Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Syria. Nations inhabiting a homeland; their existence goes unrecognized by their country's government. Earn points, unlock badges and level up while studying. Nearly 225,000 stateless people live in Latvia and 78,000 in Estonia, mainly ethnic Russians who have trouble obtaining citizenship and often face discrimination. For most people, nationality is determined by place of birth, parentage or a long-term residence in a country. Croatia, which is around 95% ethnically Croatian, was a kingdom from the 900s to around 1100 AD. They resented this because they believed that the land was theirs and was taken away by the British. Unlike some of the other states on our list, Thailand appears to be making a serious effort to grant citizenship to its stateless minorities. The Kurds are one of the largest stateless nations, with over 20 million people dispersed throughout six countries: Syria, Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia, and Azerbaijan. [5][6][7] Some of the stateless nations have a history of statehood, some were always a stateless nation, dominated by another nation. This led to successor states with many minority ethnic groups in them, which increased the potential for ethnic conflicts. While rights such as voting are denied even to citizens in numerous countries, actual non-citizenship is reserved for people such as the stateless refugee nations of the Rohingya. It refers to the relationship between the dominant group, which identifies with national identity and is more supported by the countrys political, social and economic systems, and less powerful communities whose interests are not as well-served by them. Nor are most stateless people refugees. Witness the disintegration of Yugoslavia in the 1990s: the attempted establishment of nation-states, with one nation per state, resulted in ethnic cleansing, genocide, refugees, and civil war, and the problem is not yet fully resolved. Kurdistan comprises parts of these countries: of the users don't pass the Stateless Nation quiz! The Tibetan nation is spread across several countries today; its cultural core area was occupied and annexed by China in the 1950s. National identity is therefore a complicated topic in the context of the Middle East. Because the multiple-choice section of the AP Human Geography Exam is term-based and evaluates your understanding of geographic terms, the concept of a stateless nation is fair game in this section. Many of those Kurds have since fled the violence and become refugees elsewhere. A 2017 government resolution opened a path to citizenship for 80,000 stateless people, mostly children of migrants and refugees, including the Rohingya. In extreme cases, they are targets of violence and human trafficking. The rest are distributed in one or more states. Fig. The legitimacy of a nation-state's rule over a territory and over the population inhabiting it stems from the right of a core national group within the state (which may include all or only some of its citizens) to self . Examples of stateless nations: The Kurds currently reside in Iraq, Iran, Syria, and Turkey, but they have not established an internationally-recognized state based on their national identity. Part 4. A. For example, the case of some 300,000 Urdu-speakers (sometimes referred to as Biharis) was resolved in Bangladesh in 2008. C. Identify and explain one challenge landlocked African countries face in developing viable economies. The Rohingyas are not recognized as a native ethnic group by Burmese government. Twentieth Century Middle East to 1945, Part 4. Likewise, the word umma, which means community and is used by Muslims to refer to their global community, is also sometimes translated as nation. Are you a teacher or administrator interested in boosting AP Human Geography student outcomes? The Kurds have a long history of statelessness, dating back to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century. The rest are multinational states: their territorial boundaries contain the territories of more than one ethnic nation. However, within those political boundaries, there is even more diversity to be grappled with, and understood. Stateless Nation When a nation does not have a state. Simulate how different MCQ and FRQ scores translate into AP scores. Many of the nation states of the Middle East formed their national consciousness after the establishment of their state, however. Everything you need for your studies in one place. Part 6. It is widely assumed that the British form a relatively homogeneous society with a strong sense of identity, but it is an assumption that requires considerable . A stateless nation is an ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state and is not the majority population in any nation state. The total population of the Province of Quebec is 8.2 million, of which over 80% are French speakers. It's a tough neighborhood: Kurds are spread across a region known as Kurdistan, comprising the highlands of northern Syria, eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, and parts of Iran. Keys to Understanding the Middle East by Alam Payind and Melinda McClimans is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. After World War I, the Western allies drew up plans to create a "Kurdistan," but those were quashed when the Treaty of Lausanne drew up the borders for Turkey out of the old Ottoman Empire, with no provision for this country. "5 Large Nations With No Homeland" Malta, national identity and the European Union" (The Sunday Times, December 1, 8 and 15) Professor Godfrey . Apart from being serious, there are also types of violations of human rights . Other Religions: Yazidis and Mandaeans, Part 1. Present-day examples of multinational states are Afghanistan, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Bolivia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Ethiopia, France, India, Indonesia, Iraq, Madagascar, Malaysia, Mauritius, Montenegro, New Zealand, Nigeria, Pakistan, Philippines, Russia, Serbia, Singapore, South Richard Devetak, Christopher W. Hughes, Routledge, 2007-12-18. In regions free of border controls, like the Schengen Area in Europe, this is not an issue. This is also a region of heavy conflict. SYRIA: In 1962, many Kurds in the . National consciousness, government based on national identity, and individual citizenship, has a historical explanation related to power struggles in Europe. The key aspect to be aware of is that the identity of the most powerful group of the country which is usually also the majority group but not always doesnt represent the entire population. The 1967 Six-Day War ended with Israel taking even more territory, including the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. 10 The breakdown is as . With thousands of nations in the world and less than 200 countries, the issue of stateless nations is often seen as a sort of Pandora's box from the point of view of the established 193 UN member countries. The Future Role of the West in the Middle East, The Middle East Studies Center at the Ohio State University. These states were multinational states, often composed of warring tribes and nations. A spike in the number of Haitian migrants has been seen as hundreds are arriving in the Florida Keys each week, making the perilous, 600-mile crossing on insanely overcrowded boats and further straining the ability of the U.S. Coast Guard to do its real . Consciousness, government Based on national identity, and political Instability ( 1999 ), and individual,. 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